Healthful and unhealthful plant-based diets and risk of breast cancer in U.S. women: results from the Nurses’ Health Studies

Greater adherence to a healthful plant-based diet (hPDI) was associated with a modest but significant reduction in total invasive breast cancer risk, independent of weight change, total carotenoid int

Effect: improvement; HR Q5 vs Q1 0.89; CI: 95% CI 0.83, 0.94

Greater adherence to a healthful plant-based diet was associated with a 23% lower risk of ER-negative breast cancer, the strongest inverse association observed among all subtypes, robust to adjustment

Effect: improvement; HR Q5 vs Q1 0.77; CI: 95% CI 0.65, 0.90

Greater adherence to an unhealthful plant-based diet was associated with a 28% higher risk of ER-negative breast cancer, though this association was attenuated after adjustment for dietary fiber or to

Effect: decline; HR Q5 vs Q1 1.28; CI: 95% CI 1.08, 1.51

Greater adherence to an overall plant-based diet index was associated with an 11% lower risk of invasive breast cancer, though the association was modestly attenuated after adjusting for weight change

Effect: improvement; HR Q5 vs Q1 0.89; CI: 95% CI 0.84, 0.95

In ancillary analysis entering the three food categories together, the highest vs lowest quintile of healthy plant-based food intake was associated with a 26% lower risk of ER-negative breast cancer.

Effect: improvement; HR 0.74; CI: 95% CI 0.61, 0.88