Physical Activity Modifies the Relation Between Gestational Perfluorooctanoic Acid Exposure and Adolescent Cardiometabolic Risk

Physical activity significantly modified the association between gestational PFOA and cardiometabolic risk scores at age 12: each doubling of PFOA was associated with worse cardiometabolic risk among

Effect: improvement; β: −0.2 (high PA) vs β: 1.4 (low PA) per doubling of PFOA; CI: 95% CI: −1.2, 0.7 (high PA); 95% CI: 0.5, 2.2 (low PA)

Physical activity most prominently modified the PFOA-cardiometabolic association for type 2 diabetes risk factors: PAQ-C scores significantly modified associations of PFOA with HOMA-IR, leptin:adipone

Effect: improvement; PAQ-C × PFOA interaction p-values <0.05 for HOMA-IR, leptin:adiponectin ratio, and visceral fat percent

Physical activity showed a suggestive but non-significant pattern of modifying the PFAS mixture-cardiometabolic association: cardiometabolic risk scores increased by 0.7 units per IQR increase in the

Effect: null; B: 0.7 (low PA) vs B: 0.0 (high PA) per IQR increase in PFAS mixture; CI: 95% CI: 0.0, 1.3 (low PA); 95% CI: −0.7, 0.7 (high PA)

Physical activity did not modify the associations of gestational PFOS, PFHxS, or PFNA concentrations with cardiometabolic risk scores at age 12, regardless of whether physical activity was measured by

Effect: null

Diet quality (HEI scores) did not modify the associations of any individual PFAS or the PFAS mixture with cardiometabolic risk scores.

Effect: null