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Finding
Finding
decline
Lower baseline GPA was associated with more poly-substance use over time and with increased use of each substance individually, with a gender interaction showing the effect was stronger for males than females.
| Effect size | beta = -.09, t(7588) = -7.11 |
| Comparator | Higher GPA within cohort (continuous predictor in multi-level model) |
| Effect summary | decline; beta = -.09, t(7588) = -7.11 |
| Effect modifiers | [{"modifier": "Gender (male vs female) for poly-substance use", "interaction_p": "significant (Table 2)", "direction": "attenuates", "stratum_details": "Poly-substance: males beta=-.14, t(3173)=-8.12, p<.001; females beta=-.06, t(4404)=-4.00, p<.001. Both significant but effect stronger for males.", "plain_language": "Lower grades predicted more substance use for both boys and girls, but the effect was about twice as strong for boys", "annotation_notes": "Gender x GPA interaction was significant for poly-substance use but not for individual substances."}] |
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Source
PMC8120743
Risk Factors for Alcohol, Marijuana, and Cigarette Polysubstance Use During Adolescence and Young Adulthood: A 7-Year Longitudinal Study of Youth at High Risk for Smoking Escalation