Directionality of the associations between bedsharing, maternal depressive symptoms, and infant sleep during the first 15 months of life

Bedsharing at time t predicted significantly higher odds of maternal depressive symptoms at time t+1, compared to room-sharing or separate-room sleeping, and these results persisted after adjustment f

Effect: decline

Bedsharing at time t predicted significantly higher odds of the mother perceiving her infant's sleep as a problem at time t+1, compared to room-sharing or separate-room sleeping, and these results per

Effect: decline

Maternal perception of an infant sleep problem at time t did not significantly predict bedsharing at time t+1 in the adjusted lagged model, suggesting mothers do not start bedsharing as a reaction to

Effect: null; RRR 1.92; CI: 95% CI 0.96-3.84

Maternal depressive symptoms at time t did not significantly predict bedsharing at time t+1 in the adjusted lagged model, suggesting maternal depression does not drive the decision to bedshare.

Effect: null; RRR 1.31; CI: 95% CI 0.68-2.51

Mothers who perceived their infant's sleep as a problem had significantly higher concurrent likelihood of bedsharing compared to room-sharing, and this association persisted after adjusting for matern

Effect: decline; RRR 1.79; CI: 95% CI 1.12-2.86

Maternal depressive symptoms were concurrently associated with bedsharing in unadjusted models, but this association was attenuated to non-significance after controlling for maternal perception of an

Effect: null; RRR 1.52; CI: 95% CI 0.99-2.33

Among predominantly low-income non-Hispanic Black mothers, longer breastfeeding duration was associated with decreased likelihood of bedsharing, contradicting the expected positive association found i

Effect: improvement; RRR 0.90; CI: 95% CI 0.84-0.98