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Finding
Finding
improvement
Higher lactation intensity at 6-9 weeks postpartum was independently associated with lower 2-year incidence of type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes pregnancy in a graded dose-response manner, with exclusive lactation showing a 54% relative risk reduction compared to exclusive formula feeding.
| Effect size | HR 0.46 |
| CI | 95% CI 0.29-0.71 |
| Follow-up | 2 years |
| Comparator | Exclusive formula feeding (formula only; no breastfeeding or breastfeeding <3 weeks since birth) |
| Effect summary | improvement; HR 0.46; CI: 95% CI 0.29-0.71 |
| Effect modifiers | [{"modifier": "Postpartum weight change (delivery to 1 year)", "interaction_p": "P trend = 0.035 after adding weight change as mediator", "direction": "attenuates", "stratum_details": "HR moved from 0.46 to 0.52 (exclusive lactation) with addition of weight change \u2014 modest attenuation", "plain_language": "Weight loss explains a small part of why breastfeeding protects against diabetes, but most of the benefit comes from something else", "annotation_notes": "Tested as mediator, not classic effect modifier. Weight change from delivery to 1 year was 1.0-1.3 kg greater in exclusive/mostly lactation groups. Attenuation was modest and associations remained significant."}] |
Connected entities
Interventions
Outcomes
Populations
Source
PMC5193135
Lactation and Progression to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus After Gestational Diabetes Mellitus A Prospective Cohort Study