ExploreInterventionBreastfeeding during maternal antiepileptic drug monotherapy
Intervention

Breastfeeding during maternal antiepileptic drug monotherapy

Also known as: Breastfeeding during maternal antiepileptic drug (AED) monotherapy (carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenytoin, or valproate), mean duration 7.2 months LTG AED CBZ PHT VPA
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Findings (50)

None
improvement

Breastfed children of women on AED therapy showed significantly higher verbal abilities at age 6 years compared to nonbreastfed children, with an adjusted verbal index 4 points higher.

Effect: improvement; adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children; CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7

Size: adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7
None
improvement

Breastfed children of women on AED therapy showed significantly higher verbal abilities at age 6 years compared to nonbreastfed children, with an adjusted verbal index 4 points higher.

Effect: improvement; adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children; CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7

Size: adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7
None
improvement

Breastfed children of women on AED therapy showed significantly higher verbal abilities at age 6 years compared to nonbreastfed children, with an adjusted verbal index 4 points higher.

Effect: improvement; adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children; CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7

Size: adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7
None
improvement

Breastfed children of women on AED therapy showed significantly higher verbal abilities at age 6 years compared to nonbreastfed children, with an adjusted verbal index 4 points higher.

Effect: improvement; adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children; CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7

Size: adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7
None
improvement

Breastfed children of women on AED therapy showed significantly higher verbal abilities at age 6 years compared to nonbreastfed children, with an adjusted verbal index 4 points higher.

Effect: improvement; adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children; CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7

Size: adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7
None
improvement

Breastfed children of women on AED therapy showed significantly higher verbal abilities at age 6 years compared to nonbreastfed children, with an adjusted verbal index 4 points higher.

Effect: improvement; adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children; CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7

Size: adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7
None
improvement

Breastfed children of women on AED therapy showed significantly higher verbal abilities at age 6 years compared to nonbreastfed children, with an adjusted verbal index 4 points higher.

Effect: improvement; adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children; CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7

Size: adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7
None
improvement

Breastfed children of women on AED therapy showed significantly higher verbal abilities at age 6 years compared to nonbreastfed children, with an adjusted verbal index 4 points higher.

Effect: improvement; adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children; CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7

Size: adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7
None
improvement

Breastfed children of women on AED therapy showed significantly higher verbal abilities at age 6 years compared to nonbreastfed children, with an adjusted verbal index 4 points higher.

Effect: improvement; adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children; CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7

Size: adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7
None
improvement

Breastfed children of women on AED therapy showed significantly higher verbal abilities at age 6 years compared to nonbreastfed children, with an adjusted verbal index 4 points higher.

Effect: improvement; adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children; CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7

Size: adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7
None
improvement

Breastfed children of women on AED therapy showed significantly higher verbal abilities at age 6 years compared to nonbreastfed children, with an adjusted verbal index 4 points higher.

Effect: improvement; adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children; CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7

Size: adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7
None
improvement

Breastfed children of women on AED therapy showed significantly higher verbal abilities at age 6 years compared to nonbreastfed children, with an adjusted verbal index 4 points higher.

Effect: improvement; adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children; CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7

Size: adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7
None
improvement

Breastfed children of women on AED therapy showed significantly higher verbal abilities at age 6 years compared to nonbreastfed children, with an adjusted verbal index 4 points higher.

Effect: improvement; adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children; CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7

Size: adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7
None
improvement

Breastfed children of women on AED therapy showed significantly higher verbal abilities at age 6 years compared to nonbreastfed children, with an adjusted verbal index 4 points higher.

Effect: improvement; adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children; CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7

Size: adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7
None
improvement

Breastfed children of women on AED therapy showed significantly higher verbal abilities at age 6 years compared to nonbreastfed children, with an adjusted verbal index 4 points higher.

Effect: improvement; adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children; CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7

Size: adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7
None
improvement

Breastfed children of women on AED therapy showed significantly higher verbal abilities at age 6 years compared to nonbreastfed children, with an adjusted verbal index 4 points higher.

Effect: improvement; adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children; CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7

Size: adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7
None
improvement

Breastfed children of women on AED therapy showed significantly higher verbal abilities at age 6 years compared to nonbreastfed children, with an adjusted verbal index 4 points higher.

Effect: improvement; adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children; CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7

Size: adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7
None
improvement

Breastfed children of women on AED therapy showed significantly higher verbal abilities at age 6 years compared to nonbreastfed children, with an adjusted verbal index 4 points higher.

Effect: improvement; adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children; CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7

Size: adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7
None
improvement

Breastfed children of women on AED therapy showed significantly higher verbal abilities at age 6 years compared to nonbreastfed children, with an adjusted verbal index 4 points higher.

Effect: improvement; adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children; CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7

Size: adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7
None
improvement

Breastfed children of women on AED therapy showed significantly higher verbal abilities at age 6 years compared to nonbreastfed children, with an adjusted verbal index 4 points higher.

Effect: improvement; adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children; CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7

Size: adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7
None
improvement

Breastfed children of women on AED therapy showed significantly higher verbal abilities at age 6 years compared to nonbreastfed children, with an adjusted verbal index 4 points higher.

Effect: improvement; adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children; CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7

Size: adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7
None
improvement

Breastfed children of women on AED therapy showed significantly higher verbal abilities at age 6 years compared to nonbreastfed children, with an adjusted verbal index 4 points higher.

Effect: improvement; adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children; CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7

Size: adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7
None
improvement

Breastfed children of women on AED therapy showed significantly higher verbal abilities at age 6 years compared to nonbreastfed children, with an adjusted verbal index 4 points higher.

Effect: improvement; adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children; CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7

Size: adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7
None
improvement

Breastfed children of women on AED therapy showed significantly higher verbal abilities at age 6 years compared to nonbreastfed children, with an adjusted verbal index 4 points higher.

Effect: improvement; adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children; CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7

Size: adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7
None
improvement

Breastfed children of women on AED therapy showed significantly higher verbal abilities at age 6 years compared to nonbreastfed children, with an adjusted verbal index 4 points higher.

Effect: improvement; adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children; CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7

Size: adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7
None
improvement

Breastfed children of women on AED therapy showed significantly higher verbal abilities at age 6 years compared to nonbreastfed children, with an adjusted verbal index 4 points higher.

Effect: improvement; adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children; CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7

Size: adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7
None
improvement

Breastfed children of women on AED therapy showed significantly higher verbal abilities at age 6 years compared to nonbreastfed children, with an adjusted verbal index 4 points higher.

Effect: improvement; adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children; CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7

Size: adjusted verbal index 4 points higher for breastfed children CI: 95% CI, 0 to 7
None
improvement

Children breastfed during maternal AED therapy had higher adjusted IQ at age 6 years by 4 points compared to nonbreastfed children, with no adverse cognitive effects of AED exposure via breast milk.

Effect: improvement; adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regression coefficient 4.1); CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1

Size: adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regressi CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1
None
improvement

Children breastfed during maternal AED therapy had higher adjusted IQ at age 6 years by 4 points compared to nonbreastfed children, with no adverse cognitive effects of AED exposure via breast milk.

Effect: improvement; adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regression coefficient 4.1); CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1

Size: adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regressi CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1
None
improvement

Children breastfed during maternal AED therapy had higher adjusted IQ at age 6 years by 4 points compared to nonbreastfed children, with no adverse cognitive effects of AED exposure via breast milk.

Effect: improvement; adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regression coefficient 4.1); CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1

Size: adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regressi CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1
None
improvement

Children breastfed during maternal AED therapy had higher adjusted IQ at age 6 years by 4 points compared to nonbreastfed children, with no adverse cognitive effects of AED exposure via breast milk.

Effect: improvement; adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regression coefficient 4.1); CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1

Size: adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regressi CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1
None
improvement

Children breastfed during maternal AED therapy had higher adjusted IQ at age 6 years by 4 points compared to nonbreastfed children, with no adverse cognitive effects of AED exposure via breast milk.

Effect: improvement; adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regression coefficient 4.1); CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1

Size: adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regressi CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1
None
improvement

Children breastfed during maternal AED therapy had higher adjusted IQ at age 6 years by 4 points compared to nonbreastfed children, with no adverse cognitive effects of AED exposure via breast milk.

Effect: improvement; adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regression coefficient 4.1); CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1

Size: adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regressi CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1
None
improvement

Children breastfed during maternal AED therapy had higher adjusted IQ at age 6 years by 4 points compared to nonbreastfed children, with no adverse cognitive effects of AED exposure via breast milk.

Effect: improvement; adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regression coefficient 4.1); CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1

Size: adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regressi CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1
None
improvement

Children breastfed during maternal AED therapy had higher adjusted IQ at age 6 years by 4 points compared to nonbreastfed children, with no adverse cognitive effects of AED exposure via breast milk.

Effect: improvement; adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regression coefficient 4.1); CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1

Size: adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regressi CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1
None
improvement

Children breastfed during maternal AED therapy had higher adjusted IQ at age 6 years by 4 points compared to nonbreastfed children, with no adverse cognitive effects of AED exposure via breast milk.

Effect: improvement; adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regression coefficient 4.1); CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1

Size: adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regressi CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1
None
improvement

Children breastfed during maternal AED therapy had higher adjusted IQ at age 6 years by 4 points compared to nonbreastfed children, with no adverse cognitive effects of AED exposure via breast milk.

Effect: improvement; adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regression coefficient 4.1); CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1

Size: adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regressi CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1
None
improvement

Children breastfed during maternal AED therapy had higher adjusted IQ at age 6 years by 4 points compared to nonbreastfed children, with no adverse cognitive effects of AED exposure via breast milk.

Effect: improvement; adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regression coefficient 4.1); CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1

Size: adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regressi CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1
None
improvement

Children breastfed during maternal AED therapy had higher adjusted IQ at age 6 years by 4 points compared to nonbreastfed children, with no adverse cognitive effects of AED exposure via breast milk.

Effect: improvement; adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regression coefficient 4.1); CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1

Size: adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regressi CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1
None
improvement

Children breastfed during maternal AED therapy had higher adjusted IQ at age 6 years by 4 points compared to nonbreastfed children, with no adverse cognitive effects of AED exposure via breast milk.

Effect: improvement; adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regression coefficient 4.1); CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1

Size: adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regressi CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1
None
improvement

Children breastfed during maternal AED therapy had higher adjusted IQ at age 6 years by 4 points compared to nonbreastfed children, with no adverse cognitive effects of AED exposure via breast milk.

Effect: improvement; adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regression coefficient 4.1); CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1

Size: adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regressi CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1
None
improvement

Children breastfed during maternal AED therapy had higher adjusted IQ at age 6 years by 4 points compared to nonbreastfed children, with no adverse cognitive effects of AED exposure via breast milk.

Effect: improvement; adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regression coefficient 4.1); CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1

Size: adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regressi CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1
None
improvement

Children breastfed during maternal AED therapy had higher adjusted IQ at age 6 years by 4 points compared to nonbreastfed children, with no adverse cognitive effects of AED exposure via breast milk.

Effect: improvement; adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regression coefficient 4.1); CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1

Size: adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regressi CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1
None
improvement

Children breastfed during maternal AED therapy had higher adjusted IQ at age 6 years by 4 points compared to nonbreastfed children, with no adverse cognitive effects of AED exposure via breast milk.

Effect: improvement; adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regression coefficient 4.1); CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1

Size: adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regressi CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1
None
improvement

Children breastfed during maternal AED therapy had higher adjusted IQ at age 6 years by 4 points compared to nonbreastfed children, with no adverse cognitive effects of AED exposure via breast milk.

Effect: improvement; adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regression coefficient 4.1); CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1

Size: adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regressi CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1
None
improvement

Children breastfed during maternal AED therapy had higher adjusted IQ at age 6 years by 4 points compared to nonbreastfed children, with no adverse cognitive effects of AED exposure via breast milk.

Effect: improvement; adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regression coefficient 4.1); CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1

Size: adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regressi CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1
None
improvement

Children breastfed during maternal AED therapy had higher adjusted IQ at age 6 years by 4 points compared to nonbreastfed children, with no adverse cognitive effects of AED exposure via breast milk.

Effect: improvement; adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regression coefficient 4.1); CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1

Size: adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regressi CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1
None
improvement

Children breastfed during maternal AED therapy had higher adjusted IQ at age 6 years by 4 points compared to nonbreastfed children, with no adverse cognitive effects of AED exposure via breast milk.

Effect: improvement; adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regression coefficient 4.1); CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1

Size: adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regressi CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1
None
improvement

Children breastfed during maternal AED therapy had higher adjusted IQ at age 6 years by 4 points compared to nonbreastfed children, with no adverse cognitive effects of AED exposure via breast milk.

Effect: improvement; adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regression coefficient 4.1); CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1

Size: adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regressi CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1
None
improvement

Children breastfed during maternal AED therapy had higher adjusted IQ at age 6 years by 4 points compared to nonbreastfed children, with no adverse cognitive effects of AED exposure via breast milk.

Effect: improvement; adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regression coefficient 4.1); CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1

Size: adjusted IQ 4 points higher for breastfed children (regressi CI: 95% CI, 0.1 to 8.1

Papers (1)