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Finding
Finding
improvement
In the fully adjusted linear mixed-effects model, children in the control group were significantly less likely to grow taller than those in the intervention group, after controlling for sex, birth weight, breastfeeding duration, weaning age, maternal height, feeding pace, food regurgitation, hygiene practices, and residential area.
| Effect size | Control group associated with lower LAZ/HAZ scores (p<0.05 in mixed-effects model) |
| Follow-up | 55 months |
| Comparator | Usual antenatal care from community health workers |
| Effect summary | improvement; Control group associated with lower LAZ/HAZ scores (p<0.05 in mixed-effects model) |
| Effect modifiers | [{"modifier": "Child sex (male)", "interaction_p": "", "direction": "attenuates", "stratum_details": "Being male was negatively associated with LAZ/HAZ scores in the mixed-effects model", "plain_language": "Boys had lower growth scores overall, but boys in the intervention group still did better than boys in the control group", "annotation_notes": ""}, {"modifier": "Food regurgitation/vomiting", "interaction_p": "", "direction": "attenuates", "stratum_details": "Often vomiting/regurgitating food was negatively associated with LAZ/HAZ", "plain_language": "Children who frequently vomited or regurgitated food grew less well", "annotation_notes": "Included as covariate in mixed-effects model, negatively associated with linear growth."}, {"modifier": "Maternal height (<154 cm)", "interaction_p": "", "direction": "attenuates", "stratum_details": "Maternal stature <154 cm was negatively associated with child LAZ/HAZ", "plain_language": "Children of shorter mothers tended to be shorter regardless of intervention group", "annotation_notes": "Known predictor of child linear growth retardation, confirmed in this model."}, {"modifier": "Early weaning (complementary foods before 6 months)", "interaction_p": "", "direction": "attenuates", "stratum_details": "Introduction of complementary foods before 6 months was negatively associated with LAZ/HAZ", "plain_language": "Starting solid foods too early was linked to worse growth", "annotation_notes": "Intervention delayed complementary feeding by 19 days on average compared to control."}, {"modifier": "Normal birth weight (>2.5 kg)", "interaction_p": "", "direction": "amplifies", "stratum_details": "Term children born >2.5 kg had higher LAZ/HAZ scores", "plain_language": "Babies born at a healthy weight grew better", "annotation_notes": "Preterm children were excluded from the final model."}, {"modifier": "Longer breastfeeding duration", "interaction_p": "", "direction": "amplifies", "stratum_details": "Longer breastfeeding was positively associated with LAZ/HAZ", "plain_language": "Children who were breastfed longer grew taller", "annotation_notes": ""}, {"modifier": "Handwashing before handling child food", "interaction_p": "", "direction": "amplifies", "stratum_details": "Handwashing before handling child's food was positively associated with LAZ/HAZ", "plain_language": "Good hygiene practices were linked to better growth", "annotation_notes": "Hygiene was one of the counselling messages; more mothers in the intervention group practiced proper hygiene."}] |
Connected entities
Interventions
Conditions
Outcomes
Populations
Source
PMC7611536
Effect of maternal nutritional education and counselling on children’s stunting prevalence in urban informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya