Overdiagnosis rate

PCR testing for C. difficile detected more than twice as many positive cases as the toxin test (293 vs 131), but toxin-negative/PCR-positive patients had lower bacterial loads, less inflammation, and

Effect: adverse; PCR detected 2x more C. difficile than toxin test; only 44.7% of PCR-positive were toxin-positive; toxin-/PCR+ patients had outcomes similar

PCR testing for C. difficile detected more than twice as many positive cases as the toxin test (293 vs 131), but toxin-negative/PCR-positive patients had lower bacterial loads, less inflammation, and

Effect: adverse; PCR detected 2x more C. difficile than toxin test; only 44.7% of PCR-positive were toxin-positive; toxin-/PCR+ patients had outcomes similar

PCR testing for C. difficile detected more than twice as many positive cases as the toxin test (293 vs 131), but toxin-negative/PCR-positive patients had lower bacterial loads, less inflammation, and

Effect: adverse; PCR detected 2x more C. difficile than toxin test; only 44.7% of PCR-positive were toxin-positive; toxin-/PCR+ patients had outcomes similar

PCR testing for C. difficile detected more than twice as many positive cases as the toxin test (293 vs 131), but toxin-negative/PCR-positive patients had lower bacterial loads, less inflammation, and

Effect: adverse; PCR detected 2x more C. difficile than toxin test; only 44.7% of PCR-positive were toxin-positive; toxin-/PCR+ patients had outcomes similar

PCR testing for C. difficile detected more than twice as many positive cases as the toxin test (293 vs 131), but toxin-negative/PCR-positive patients had lower bacterial loads, less inflammation, and

Effect: adverse; PCR detected 2x more C. difficile than toxin test; only 44.7% of PCR-positive were toxin-positive; toxin-/PCR+ patients had outcomes similar

PCR testing for C. difficile detected more than twice as many positive cases as the toxin test (293 vs 131), but toxin-negative/PCR-positive patients had lower bacterial loads, less inflammation, and

Effect: adverse; PCR detected 2x more C. difficile than toxin test; only 44.7% of PCR-positive were toxin-positive; toxin-/PCR+ patients had outcomes similar

PCR testing for C. difficile detected more than twice as many positive cases as the toxin test (293 vs 131), but toxin-negative/PCR-positive patients had lower bacterial loads, less inflammation, and

Effect: adverse; PCR detected 2x more C. difficile than toxin test; only 44.7% of PCR-positive were toxin-positive; toxin-/PCR+ patients had outcomes similar

PCR testing for C. difficile detected more than twice as many positive cases as the toxin test (293 vs 131), but toxin-negative/PCR-positive patients had lower bacterial loads, less inflammation, and

Effect: adverse; PCR detected 2x more C. difficile than toxin test; only 44.7% of PCR-positive were toxin-positive; toxin-/PCR+ patients had outcomes similar

PCR testing for C. difficile detected more than twice as many positive cases as the toxin test (293 vs 131), but toxin-negative/PCR-positive patients had lower bacterial loads, less inflammation, and

Effect: adverse; PCR detected 2x more C. difficile than toxin test; only 44.7% of PCR-positive were toxin-positive; toxin-/PCR+ patients had outcomes similar

PCR testing for C. difficile detected more than twice as many positive cases as the toxin test (293 vs 131), but toxin-negative/PCR-positive patients had lower bacterial loads, less inflammation, and

Effect: adverse; PCR detected 2x more C. difficile than toxin test; only 44.7% of PCR-positive were toxin-positive; toxin-/PCR+ patients had outcomes similar

PCR testing for C. difficile detected more than twice as many positive cases as the toxin test (293 vs 131), but toxin-negative/PCR-positive patients had lower bacterial loads, less inflammation, and

Effect: adverse; PCR detected 2x more C. difficile than toxin test; only 44.7% of PCR-positive were toxin-positive; toxin-/PCR+ patients had outcomes similar

PCR testing for C. difficile detected more than twice as many positive cases as the toxin test (293 vs 131), but toxin-negative/PCR-positive patients had lower bacterial loads, less inflammation, and

Effect: adverse; PCR detected 2x more C. difficile than toxin test; only 44.7% of PCR-positive were toxin-positive; toxin-/PCR+ patients had outcomes similar

PCR testing for C. difficile detected more than twice as many positive cases as the toxin test (293 vs 131), but toxin-negative/PCR-positive patients had lower bacterial loads, less inflammation, and

Effect: adverse; PCR detected 2x more C. difficile than toxin test; only 44.7% of PCR-positive were toxin-positive; toxin-/PCR+ patients had outcomes similar

PCR testing for C. difficile detected more than twice as many positive cases as the toxin test (293 vs 131), but toxin-negative/PCR-positive patients had lower bacterial loads, less inflammation, and

Effect: adverse; PCR detected 2x more C. difficile than toxin test; only 44.7% of PCR-positive were toxin-positive; toxin-/PCR+ patients had outcomes similar

PCR testing for C. difficile detected more than twice as many positive cases as the toxin test (293 vs 131), but toxin-negative/PCR-positive patients had lower bacterial loads, less inflammation, and

Effect: adverse; PCR detected 2x more C. difficile than toxin test; only 44.7% of PCR-positive were toxin-positive; toxin-/PCR+ patients had outcomes similar

PCR testing for C. difficile detected more than twice as many positive cases as the toxin test (293 vs 131), but toxin-negative/PCR-positive patients had lower bacterial loads, less inflammation, and

Effect: adverse; PCR detected 2x more C. difficile than toxin test; only 44.7% of PCR-positive were toxin-positive; toxin-/PCR+ patients had outcomes similar

PCR testing for C. difficile detected more than twice as many positive cases as the toxin test (293 vs 131), but toxin-negative/PCR-positive patients had lower bacterial loads, less inflammation, and

Effect: adverse; PCR detected 2x more C. difficile than toxin test; only 44.7% of PCR-positive were toxin-positive; toxin-/PCR+ patients had outcomes similar

PCR testing for C. difficile detected more than twice as many positive cases as the toxin test (293 vs 131), but toxin-negative/PCR-positive patients had lower bacterial loads, less inflammation, and

Effect: adverse; PCR detected 2x more C. difficile than toxin test; only 44.7% of PCR-positive were toxin-positive; toxin-/PCR+ patients had outcomes similar

PCR testing for C. difficile detected more than twice as many positive cases as the toxin test (293 vs 131), but toxin-negative/PCR-positive patients had lower bacterial loads, less inflammation, and

Effect: adverse; PCR detected 2x more C. difficile than toxin test; only 44.7% of PCR-positive were toxin-positive; toxin-/PCR+ patients had outcomes similar

PCR testing for C. difficile detected more than twice as many positive cases as the toxin test (293 vs 131), but toxin-negative/PCR-positive patients had lower bacterial loads, less inflammation, and

Effect: adverse; PCR detected 2x more C. difficile than toxin test; only 44.7% of PCR-positive were toxin-positive; toxin-/PCR+ patients had outcomes similar

PCR testing for C. difficile detected more than twice as many positive cases as the toxin test (293 vs 131), but toxin-negative/PCR-positive patients had lower bacterial loads, less inflammation, and

Effect: adverse; PCR detected 2x more C. difficile than toxin test; only 44.7% of PCR-positive were toxin-positive; toxin-/PCR+ patients had outcomes similar

PCR testing for C. difficile detected more than twice as many positive cases as the toxin test (293 vs 131), but toxin-negative/PCR-positive patients had lower bacterial loads, less inflammation, and

Effect: adverse; PCR detected 2x more C. difficile than toxin test; only 44.7% of PCR-positive were toxin-positive; toxin-/PCR+ patients had outcomes similar

PCR testing for C. difficile detected more than twice as many positive cases as the toxin test (293 vs 131), but toxin-negative/PCR-positive patients had lower bacterial loads, less inflammation, and

Effect: adverse; PCR detected 2x more C. difficile than toxin test; only 44.7% of PCR-positive were toxin-positive; toxin-/PCR+ patients had outcomes similar

PCR testing for C. difficile detected more than twice as many positive cases as the toxin test (293 vs 131), but toxin-negative/PCR-positive patients had lower bacterial loads, less inflammation, and

Effect: adverse; PCR detected 2x more C. difficile than toxin test; only 44.7% of PCR-positive were toxin-positive; toxin-/PCR+ patients had outcomes similar

PCR testing for C. difficile detected more than twice as many positive cases as the toxin test (293 vs 131), but toxin-negative/PCR-positive patients had lower bacterial loads, less inflammation, and

Effect: adverse; PCR detected 2x more C. difficile than toxin test; only 44.7% of PCR-positive were toxin-positive; toxin-/PCR+ patients had outcomes similar

PCR testing for C. difficile detected more than twice as many positive cases as the toxin test (293 vs 131), but toxin-negative/PCR-positive patients had lower bacterial loads, less inflammation, and

Effect: adverse; PCR detected 2x more C. difficile than toxin test; only 44.7% of PCR-positive were toxin-positive; toxin-/PCR+ patients had outcomes similar

PCR testing for C. difficile detected more than twice as many positive cases as the toxin test (293 vs 131), but toxin-negative/PCR-positive patients had lower bacterial loads, less inflammation, and

Effect: adverse; PCR detected 2x more C. difficile than toxin test; only 44.7% of PCR-positive were toxin-positive; toxin-/PCR+ patients had outcomes similar